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With the recent increase in imaging tests, coexisting abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are being discovered accidentally.We report two cases of simultaneous endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for AAA and TAA. Both 74-year-old and 79-year-old male with infrarenal AAA and saccular TAA were treated simultaneously with EVAR and TEVAR. Saccular TAAs were identified in the upper thoracic aorta during the evaluation of AAA. During endograft placement, carotid-subclavian bypass and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage were performed. Both patients were successfully discharged without spinal cord ischemia. Simultaneous EVAR and TEVAR can be considered for patients with AAA and saccular TAA in the upper thoracic aorta. Moreover, CSF drainage may be necessary to protect the spinal cord.
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Background@#and Purpose The estimated prevalence of migraines in South Korea is 6.0%, with affected patients having unmet needs. The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of galcanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, for episodic migraine (EM) prevention was evaluated in South Korean patients. @*Methods@#During the double-blind period of the EVOLVE-2 phase 3 trial, patients with EM were randomized into placebo, 120 mg-galcanezumab, and 240-mg galcanezumab treatment groups. The primary endpoint was the overall mean change from baseline in the number of monthly migraine headache days during the 6-month double-blind period. We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the South Korean cohort in EVOLVE-2. @*Results@#Among 98 South Korean patients in the intent-to-treat population, significant changes from baseline were observed in the number of monthly migraine headache days in the 240-mg galcanezumab group compared with the placebo group (-2.64, p=0.013), in the percentage of patients with ≥50% reduction in the number of monthly migraine headache days (120 mg: odds ratio=2.43, p=0.030; 240 mg: odds ratio=2.60, p=0.019), in the number of monthly migraine headache days with acute medication use (120 mg: -2.22, p=0.006; 240 mg: -2.23, p=0.005), and in the Migraine-Specific Quality-of-Life Role Function-Restrictive (120 mg: 8.34, p=0.040). Numerical improvements from baseline were observed relative to the placebo group in at least one galcanezumab group for: the percentage of patients with ≥75% reduction in the number of monthly migraine headache days functional impairment, and disease severity. The most common treatment-emergent adverse event in the combined galcanezumab group was injection site reaction, which led to treatment discontinuation for one patient. @*Conclusions@#Galcanezumab treatment demonstrated efficacy and a favorable safety and tolerability profile in South Korean patients with EM.
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Background@#and Purpose Several studies have found that the prevalence of migraine is higher among healthcare professionals than in the general population. Furthermore, several investigations have suggested that the personal experiences of neurologists with migraine can influence their perception and treatment of the disease. This study assessed these relationships in Korea. @*Methods@#A survey was used to investigate the following characteristics among neurologists:1) the prevalence rates of migraine, primary stabbing headache, and cluster headache, and 2) their perceptions of migraine and the pain severity experienced by patients, diagnosing migraine, evaluation and treatment patterns, and satisfaction and difficulties with treatment. @*Results@#The survey was completed by 442 actively practicing board-certified Korean neurologists. The self-reported lifetime prevalence rates of migraine, migraine with aura, primary stabbing headache, and cluster headache were 49.8%, 12.7%, 26.7%, and 1.4%, respectively. Few of the neurologists used a headache diary or validated scales with their patients, and approximately half were satisfied with the effectiveness of preventive medications. Significant differences were observed between neurologists who had and had not experienced migraine, regarding certain perceptions of migraine, but no differences were found between these groups in the evaluation and preventive treatment of migraine. @*Conclusions@#The high self-reported lifetime prevalence rates of migraine and other primary headache disorders among Korean neurologists may indicate that these rates are underreported in the general population, although potential population biases must be considered. From the perspective of neurologists, there is an unmet need for the proper application of headache diaries, validated scales, and effective preventive treatments for patients. While the past experiences of neurologists with migraine might not influence how they evaluate or apply preventive treatments to migraine, they may influence certain perceptions of the disease.
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Purpose@#Laparoscopic posterior retroperitoneal adrenalectomy (LPRA) is a surgical method that accesses the adrenal gland through the back. The aim of this study was to report initial experience of LPRA and evaluate possibilities for surgical application. @*Methods@#From March 2018 to December 2019, a total of 30 consecutive patients diagnosed with adrenal tumor underwent surgical treatment at Pusan National University Hospital were enrolled. Clinicopathologic features and various peri- and postoperative parameters were analyzed by retrospective medical record review. The mean age of the patients was 48.20 ± 13.66 years. @*Results@#The mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.50 ± 4.30 kg/m2 . Primary hyperaldosteronism was the most frequently preoperative diagnosed disease (n = 13, 43.4%), followed by adrenal incidentaloma (n = 8, 26.6%), Cushing syndrome (n = 5, 16.6%) and pheochromocytoma (n = 4, 13.3%). The mean size of postoperative adrenal tumor was 2.72 ± 1.76 cm. The mean operating time was 162 ± 58.14 minutes. Among the 30 patients, 28 patients underwent total adrenalectomy (93.3%) and two patients underwent cortical sparing adrenalectomy (6.7%). When LPRA was performed for patients with BMI > 23.16 kg/m2 , the operating time was longer than the average (P = 0.016). @*Conclusion@#LPRA was suitable and safe for patients with benign adrenal tumors. BMI, retroperitoneal fat density and postoperative adrenal weight may be related to the operating time, so they should be considered when deciding on a surgical method for adrenalectomy.
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Purpose@#Conservative treatment is the first-line therapy for acute colonic diverticulitis without severe complications, but treatment failure may increase hospitalization duration, medical costs, and morbidities. Usage of the modified Hinchey classification is insufficient to predict the outcome of conservative management. We aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of the modified Hinchey classification and to evaluate predictive factors such as inflammatory markers for the failure of conservative management. @*Methods@#Patients diagnosed with right colonic diverticulitis undergoing conservative treatment at 3 hospitals between 2017 and 2019 were included. Patients were categorized into conservative treatment success (n = 494) or failure (n = 46) groups. Clinical characteristics and blood inflammatory markers were assessed. @*Results@#The conservative treatment failure group presented with more elderly patients (>50 years, P = 0.002), more recurrent episodes (P 50 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–5.08; P = 0.008), recurrent episodes (OR, 4.78; 95% CI, 2.38–9.61; P 50 years, recurrent episodes, and CRP levels are potential predictors for conservative management failure of patients with right-sided colonic diverticulitis. Further studies are warranted to identify candidates requiring early surgical intervention.
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Purpose@#Conservative treatment is the first-line therapy for acute colonic diverticulitis without severe complications, but treatment failure may increase hospitalization duration, medical costs, and morbidities. Usage of the modified Hinchey classification is insufficient to predict the outcome of conservative management. We aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of the modified Hinchey classification and to evaluate predictive factors such as inflammatory markers for the failure of conservative management. @*Methods@#Patients diagnosed with right colonic diverticulitis undergoing conservative treatment at 3 hospitals between 2017 and 2019 were included. Patients were categorized into conservative treatment success (n = 494) or failure (n = 46) groups. Clinical characteristics and blood inflammatory markers were assessed. @*Results@#The conservative treatment failure group presented with more elderly patients (>50 years, P = 0.002), more recurrent episodes (P 50 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–5.08; P = 0.008), recurrent episodes (OR, 4.78; 95% CI, 2.38–9.61; P 50 years, recurrent episodes, and CRP levels are potential predictors for conservative management failure of patients with right-sided colonic diverticulitis. Further studies are warranted to identify candidates requiring early surgical intervention.
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To investigate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pork on the market in Korea, an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tissue fluid (CAU-tf-ELISA) was developed using a soluble extract of T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites. As the standard positive controls, the piglets were experimentally infected with T. gondii: Group A (1,000 cysts-containing bradyzoites), Group B (500 cysts-containing bradyzoites) and Group C (1.0×103 or 1.0×104 tachyzoites). The CAU-tf-ELISA demonstrated infection intensity-dependent positivity toward tissue fluids with average cut-off value 0.15: 100% for Group A, 93.8% for Group B and 40.6% for Group C. When tissue-specific cut-off values 0.066–0.199 were applied, CAU-tf-ELISA showed 96.7% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive and 90.0% negative predictive values. When compared with the same tissue fluids, performance of CAU-tf-ELISA was better than that of a commercial ELISA kit. Of the 583 Korea domestic pork samples tested, anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected from 9.1% of whole samples and 37.9% from skirt meat highest among pork parts. In the 386 imported frozen pork samples, 1.8% (skirt meat and shoulder blade) were positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies. In Korea, prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in the pork on retail markets appeared high, suggesting that regulations on pig farming and facilities are necessary to supply safe pork on the tables.
Subject(s)
Agriculture , Antibodies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Korea , Meat , Prevalence , Red Meat , Sensitivity and Specificity , Shoulder , Social Control, Formal , ToxoplasmaABSTRACT
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is one of the most problematic complications experienced by women with sexually transmitted diseases, frequently causes secondary infections after reproductive abnormalities in veterinary animals. Although the uterus is self-protective, it becomes fragile during periods or pregnancy. To investigate PID, bacteria or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from gram negative bacteria has been used to induce the disease in several animal models. However, when LPS is applied to the peritoneum, it often causes systemic sepsis leading to death and the PID was not consistently demonstrated. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) has been used to induce inflammation in the lungs and stomach but not tested for reproductive organs. In this study, we developed a PID model in mice by HCl and LPS sequential intracervical (i.c.) administration. The proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, were detected in the mouse uterus by western blot analysis and cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after HCl (25 mg/kg) administration i.c. followed by four LPS (50 mg/kg) treatments. Moreover, mice exhibited increased infiltration of neutrophils in the endometrium and epithelial layer. These results suggest that ic co-administration of HCl and LPS induces PID in mice. This new model may provide a consistent and reproducible PID model for future research.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Pregnancy , Bacteria , Blotting, Western , Coinfection , Cytokines , Endometrium , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Hydrochloric Acid , Inflammation , Interleukin-6 , Interleukins , Lung , Models, Animal , Necrosis , Neutrophils , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease , Peritoneum , Sepsis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Stomach , UterusABSTRACT
Mammary gland tumors are very rare in male dogs. In this study, four mammary gland tumors from 3 male dogs (2 intact, 1 neutered) were collected from local animal hospitals. The dogs included two purebred Shih Tzu (1 intact, 1 neutered) and one intact purebred Cocker Spaniel. The mean age of dogs with mammary gland tumors was 9 years (5-12 years). Two dogs had a solitary mass, whereas one dog had two mammary masses. Of the four tumor masses, three were observed in the fourth or fifth mammary glands, and one was observed in the third mammary gland. According to histopathologic examinations, all four mammary masses from three dogs were benign tumors including two benign mixed tumors in one case and two complex adenomas. There were no history of obesity, testicular tumors, diabetes, and sex hormonal therapy in any male dogs with mammary tumors. Surgical excision was the only reported treatment for these tumors. No recurrence or metastasis was recorded up to 25 months after surgery.
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OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine whether nano-sized carbon black exposure results in greater damage in high fat diet-induced overweight rats than normal weight ones and to identify the possible causes of any differences. METHODS: Two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats allocated by body weight (normal and overweight) were exposed to aerosolized nano-sized carbon black for 6 hours a day, 5 days per week over a 4-week period. Differential cell counts, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and albumin concentrations were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and histopathological findings in the lungs were evaluated. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured in BAL fluid and supernatants of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated lymphocyte culture. RESULTS: Rats exposed to high concentrations of nano-sized carbon black showed significantly increased (p<0.05) polymorphonuclear leukocyte number and LDH activity in the BAL fluid from both overweight and normal rats. Mild histopathological changes were observed in normal rats irrespective of carbon black concentrations. However, severe histological scores were found in overweight rats (1.75+/-0.46, 2.25+/-0.46, and 2.88+/-0.35 after low, medium, and high concentration exposures). Proinflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were significantly higher in the supernatant of LPS-stimulated lymphocytes of overweight rats, whereas there was no significant difference in the BAL fluid between normal and overweight rats. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation and damage to lungs exposed to nano-sized carbon black was more severe in high fat diet-induced overweight rats compared to normal rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Body Weight , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Carbon , Cell Count , Inflammation , Inhalation , Interleukin-6 , Interleukins , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Lung , Lymphocytes , Neutrophils , Obesity , Overweight , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Soot , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
Uterine smooth muscle tumor is very rare in laboratory rats and, there has been no report in the wild rodents. Among a total of 400 wild rats captured in Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Chungbuk provinces of Korea in 2007, 2010, and 2011, we found a uterine spindle cell tumor, diagnosed as smooth muscle cell origin based on differential features of histology and immunohistochemistry. Its incidence was very low, like in the laboratory rats, as under 0.5% for female. Considering generally applied histological and cellular criteria, this case was difficult in differential diagnosis between benign and malignant. Ki-67 labeling index was therefore further investigated, and it ranged from 26.4 to 37.6% in the 10 different areas, representing an average of 32.9+/-0.05%. The Ki-67 labeling index of neoplastic cells near the necrotic area was recorded as 83.5%. According to such high Ki-67 labeling index, it was more likely a malignant leiomyosarcoma, assenting to the previous proposal that Ki-67 labeling index is a significant criterion to differentiate between malignant and benign in the smooth muscle tumors.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Rats , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunohistochemistry , Incidence , Korea , Leiomyosarcoma , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle , Rodentia , Smooth Muscle TumorABSTRACT
Nanotoxicological research has shown toxicity of nanomaterials to be inversely related to particle size. However, the contribution of agglomeration to the toxicity of nanomaterials has not been sufficiently studied, although it is known that agglomeration is associated with increased nanomaterial size. In this study, we prepared aerosols of nano-sized carbon black by 2 different ways to verify the effects of agglomeration on the toxicity and deposition of nano-sized carbon black. The 2 methods of preparation included the carbon black dispersion method that facilitated clustering without sonication and the carbon black dispersion method involving sonication to achieve scattering and deagglomeration. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to carbon black aerosols 6 hr a day for 3 days or for 2 weeks. The median mass aerodynamic diameter of carbon black aerosols averaged 2.08 microm (for aerosol prepared without sonication; group N) and 1.79 microm (for aerosol prepared without sonication; group S). The average concentration of carbon black during the exposure period for group N and group S was 13.08 +/- 3.18 mg/m3 and 13.67 +/- 3.54 mg/m3, respectively, in the 3-day experiment. The average concentration during the 2-week experiment was 9.83 +/- 3.42 mg/m3 and 9.08 +/- 4.49 mg/m3 for group N and group S, respectively. The amount of carbon black deposition in the lungs was significantly higher in group S than in group N in both 3-day and 2-week experiments. The number of total cells, macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and the number of total white blood cells and neutrophils in the blood in the 2-week experiment were significantly higher in group S than in normal control. However, differences were not found in the inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, etc.) and protein indicators of cell damage (albumin and lactate dehydrogenase) in the BAL fluid of both group N and group S as compared to the normal control. In conclusion, carbon black aerosol generated by sonication possesses smaller nanoparticles that are deposited to a greater extent in the lungs than is aerosol formulated without sonication. Additionally, rats were narrowly more affected when exposed to carbon black aerosol generated by sonication as compared to that produced without sonication.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Aerosols , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Carbon , Interleukin-6 , Lactic Acid , Leukocytes , Lung , Macrophages , Nanoparticles , Nanostructures , Neutrophils , Particle Size , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sonication , Soot , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Laparoscopic appendectomy isused as a three port technique for appendectomy. In children, single port laparoscopic appendectomy is difficult because they have a small peritoneal cavity for manipulation of laparoscopic instruments. We performed transumbilical laparoscopic assisted single port appendectomy (hybrid appendectomy) in children. METHODS: From March 2010 to July 2012, we performed transumbilical laparoscopic assisted single port appendectomy in 53 children. We made a vertical incision to the umbilicus approximately 1.5 cm, and a wound retractor (Applied Medical Resources Co., Ltd., Rancho Santa Margarita) was placed in the umbilical incision, and appendix exteriorized the extraperitoneum through the wound retractor. Appendectomy was performed conventionally. We had no conversion cases for laparotomy. RESULTS: A total of 53 patients, 29 females and 24 males, with a mean age of 8.5+/-2.0 years were enrolled in this retrospective study. The mean operative time was 29.4+/-9.4 minutes. There was no occurrence of complication or mortality. BMI was 17.8+/-4.9 kg/m2. And mean hospital stay was 3.2+/-1.0 days. CONCLUSION: In children, transumbilical single port laparoscopic appendectomy is technically difficult because they have a small peritoneal cavity. However, transumbilical laparoscopic assisted single port appendectomy (hybrid appendectomy) appearsto be a safe and effective technique for use in children, which allows for achievement of nearly scarless surgery.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Achievement , Appendectomy , Appendix , Laparoscopy , Length of Stay , Operative Time , Peritoneal Cavity , Retrospective Studies , UmbilicusABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to obtain information concerning the health hazards that may result from a 13 week inhalation exposure of n-pentane in Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: This study was conducted in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines for the testing of chemicals No. 413 'Subchronic inhalation toxicity: 90-day study (as revised in 2009)'. The rats were divided into 4 groups (10 male and 10 female rats in each group), and were exposed to 0, 340, 1,530, and 6,885 ppm n-pentane in each exposure chamber for 6 hour/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks. All of the rats were sacrificed at the end of the treatment period. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, locomotion activity, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weights, and histopathology were assessed. RESULTS: During the period of testing, there were no treatment related effects on the clinical findings, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, relative organ weight, and histopathological findings. CONCLUSION: The no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of n-pentane is evaluated as being more than 6,885 ppm (20.3 mg/L) in both male and female rats. n-pentane was not a classified specific target organ toxicity in the globally harmonized classification system (GHS).
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Rats , Biochemistry , Body Weight , Hazardous Substances , Hematology , Inhalation , Inhalation Exposure , Locomotion , Ophthalmoscopy , Organ Size , Pentanes , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , UrinalysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have shown that nano-sized carbon black is more toxic than large respirable carbon black because of its higher surface area. However, it is not clear if carbon black made larger by agglomeration demonstrates decreased toxicity. The purpose of this study was to verify if agglomeration affects the toxicity of carbon black using three differently prepared nano-sized carbon black aerosols in nose-only inhalation chambers for 13 weeks. METHODS: Printex 90 was selected as a representative nano-sized carbon black. To generate aerosols of three different types of agglomerates, Printex 90 was dispersed in distilled water by three different methods: vortex, vortex+sonication, and vortex+sonication with dispersion in a stabilizer. Then, the three differently prepared solutions were aerosolized through venturi nozzles. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to Printex 90 aerosols in a nose-only exposure chamber for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 13 weeks at a concentration of approximately 9 mg/m3. RESULTS: Numbers of total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were increased and carbon black masses were clearly seen in BAL cells and lung tissues of rats exposed to Printex 90. However, few differences were found between the three differently agglomerated aerosols. In addition, there were no significant differences in other parameters, such as body weight, lung function or cytokine levels in BAL fluid following carbon black exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Only mild to moderate respiratory effects were found in rats exposed to nano-sized carbon black at 9 mg/m3 for 13 weeks. Agglomeration did not affect the toxicity of nano-sized carbon particles.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Aerosols , Body Weight , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Carbon , Inhalation , Lung , Macrophages , Neutrophils , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Soot , WaterABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We sought to establish a novel method to generate nano-sized carbon black particles (nano-CBPs) with an average size smaller than 100 nm for examining the inhalation exposure risks of experimental rats. We also tested the effect of nano-CBPs on the pulmonary and circulatory systems. METHODS: We used chemical vapor deposition (CVD) without the addition of any additives to generate nano-CBPs with a particle size (electrical mobility diameter) of less than 100nm to examine the effects of inhalation exposure. Nano-CBPs were applied to a nose-only inhalation chamber system for studying the inhalation toxicity in rats. The effect on the lungs and circulatory system was determined according to the degree of inflammation as quantified by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The functional alteration of the hemostatic and vasomotor activities was measured by plasma coagulation, platelet activity, contraction and relaxation of blood vessels. RESULTS: Nano-CBPs were generated in the range of 83.3-87.9 nm. Rats were exposed for 4 hour/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks to 4.2 x 10(6), 6.2 x 10(5), and 1.3 x 10(5) particles/cm3. Exposure of nano-CBPs by inhalation resulted in minimal pulmonary inflammation and did not appear to damage the lung tissue. In addition, there was no significant effect on blood functions, such as plasma coagulation and platelet aggregation, or on vasomotor function. CONCLUSION: We successfully generated nano-CBPs in the range of 83.3-87.9 nm at a maximum concentration of 4.2 x 10(6) particles/cm3 in a nose-only inhalation chamber system. This reliable method can be useful to investigate the biological and toxicological effects of inhalation exposure to nano-CBPs on experimental rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Blood Platelets , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Carbon , Contracts , Inflammation , Inhalation , Inhalation Exposure , Lung , Particle Size , Plasma , Platelet Aggregation , Pneumonia , Relaxation , SootABSTRACT
The study evaluated whether a transgenic carrot vaccine could induce a K88-specific immune response in sows and whether the resultant maternal antibody could protect piglets against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88ac infection. Sows (n = 15) selected randomly from a farm in Korea were assigned to three groups (n = 5 per group: control [untreated]), group A (orally inoculated with a non-transgenic and transgenic carrot vaccines at 2 and 4 weeks ante partum, respectively), and group B (conventionally vaccinated according to the manufacturer's instructions). After 7 days of lactation, 5 piglets selected randomly from each group were challenged with 1 x 1010 colony forming units/mL ETEC K88ac. Group C had the lowest mean fecal consistency score on post-challenge days 1 and 7. Histiologically, On post-challenge day 7, group C showed an increased duodenum and ileum villus:crypt ratio, compared to group A in the duodenum, with group B displaying the highest ratio. Groups B and C had more increased villus width than group A in the jejunum. Group C displayed the greatest increase in villus width in the ileum. The colostrums and serum from groups B and C displayed higher concentrations of IgA and IgG against ETEC K88, compared to group A. Based on the results, it was concluded that the transgenic carrot vaccine in sow per oral may have an effect on preventing piglet diarrhea as good as commercial recombinant vaccine.
Subject(s)
Female , Ants , Colostrum , Daucus carota , Diarrhea , Duodenum , Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli , Ileum , Immunoglobulin A , Immunoglobulin G , Jejunum , Korea , Lactation , VaccinesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Laparoscopic appendectomy is one of the most commonly performed minimally invasive surgeries worldwide. In recent years, successful attempts to reduce the number of conventionally-used three ports have been reported. Specifically, two-port techniques, hybrid approaches and single-port assisted techniques have been described. In this article, we report on the feasibility, safety and cosmesis of trans-umbilical single port laparoscopic appendectomy. METHODS: The procedure was performed using a single 15-mm-diameter umbilical incision. Under general anesthesia, an Alexis O wound retractor (Applied medical resources Co., Ltd., rancho Santa Margarita) was inserted through the umbilicus. After the appendix and meso-appendix were dissected with a Harmonic scalpel (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc., USA), the base of the appendix was ligated with two Endo-loops (SEOJONG medical Co., Ltd., Korea). The appendix was withdrawn into the wound protector and removed from the abdominal cavity. RESULTS: This retrospective study enrolled 70 patients (36 females and 34 males with a mean age of 29.0+/-15.0 years). The mean operative time was 49.0+/-13.9 min. There was no mortality. There were five complications in five patients (7.1%) and the median hospital stay was 3.5+/-1.4 days. CONCLUSION: This is a safe, minimally invasive procedure with excellent cosmetic results. Compared with other trans-umbilical appendectomy techniques, single port laparoscopic appendectomy has the advantages of feasibility without extensive endoscopic skills and an acceptable operative time. Technical refinements and accumulated experience probably will enable its wider use for more patients with acute appendicitis.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Anesthesia, General , Appendectomy , Appendicitis , Appendix , Chimera , Cosmetics , Length of Stay , Operative Time , Retrospective Studies , UmbilicusABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Foundry workers are known to be exposed to silica and have an increased risk of silicosis. There are also reports that state these foundry workers were associated with asbestos-related change in the X-ray results of the lungs. This report discusses a case of localized asbestosis developed in a foundry worker who worked in 12 Korean foundries. CASE REPORT: A 49-year-old man who worked at molding and melting for 30 years, presented with sore throat, cough and yellow sputum for 1 month. From physical and clinical examination, pulmonary tuberculosis was highly suspicious; therefore, he was medicated for 6 months. After tuberculosis medication, the radiological finding was reactivation of tuberculosis, and an asbestos body was detected at a transbronchial lung biopsy. During an operation, operators found multiple palpable masses and bullae localized in the right upper lobe (RUL) and performed right upper lobectomy and right middle lobe wedge resection. Using hematoxylin-eosin stain and iron stain, we could detect asbestos bodies by light microscopy. We analyzed the asbestos fiber burden in dry lung tissue by transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (TEM-EDX). The fiber type was chrysotile and the fiber burden was 23.26x106 fiber/g dry lung. DISCUSSION: This case study of a foundry worker with localized asbestosis is uncommon in Korea. We found an occupational relationship between the foundry worker and localized asbestosis through various investigative techniques such as measurements taken at his working environment, clinical, radiological and pathological examination of the foundry worker and mineralogical examination of the asbestos fiber.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Asbestos , Asbestos, Serpentine , Asbestosis , Biopsy , Blister , Cough , Freezing , Fungi , Investigative Techniques , Iron , Korea , Light , Lung , Microscopy , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Pharyngitis , Silicon Dioxide , Silicosis , Sputum , Tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, PulmonaryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Foundry workers are known to be exposed to silica and have an increased risk of silicosis. There are also reports that state these foundry workers were associated with asbestos-related change in the X-ray results of the lungs. This report discusses a case of localized asbestosis developed in a foundry worker who worked in 12 Korean foundries. CASE REPORT: A 49-year-old man who worked at molding and melting for 30 years, presented with sore throat, cough and yellow sputum for 1 month. From physical and clinical examination, pulmonary tuberculosis was highly suspicious; therefore, he was medicated for 6 months. After tuberculosis medication, the radiological finding was reactivation of tuberculosis, and an asbestos body was detected at a transbronchial lung biopsy. During an operation, operators found multiple palpable masses and bullae localized in the right upper lobe (RUL) and performed right upper lobectomy and right middle lobe wedge resection. Using hematoxylin-eosin stain and iron stain, we could detect asbestos bodies by light microscopy. We analyzed the asbestos fiber burden in dry lung tissue by transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (TEM-EDX). The fiber type was chrysotile and the fiber burden was 23.26x106 fiber/g dry lung. DISCUSSION: This case study of a foundry worker with localized asbestosis is uncommon in Korea. We found an occupational relationship between the foundry worker and localized asbestosis through various investigative techniques such as measurements taken at his working environment, clinical, radiological and pathological examination of the foundry worker and mineralogical examination of the asbestos fiber.